Question: The WHO ETAT/ETAT+ course identifies emergency signs that require immediate treatment to prevent death. Can you think what they are?

Answer: The ETAT/ETAT+ emergency signs are:

• A, B: Airway and Breathing:
  • Obstructed breathing
  • Central cyanosis
  • Severe respiratory distress
• C: Circulation:
  • Cold hands with any of capillary refill >3 seconds, weak and fast pulse, slow (<60) or absent pulse
• C: Coma, convulsions/confusion (AVPU<V)
• D: Diarrhoea with sunken eyes - severe dehydration

Look for these signs and if present, treat the child IMMEDIATELY. Immediately move to emergency area and call for help.

Start with high flow oxygen and an ABC approach.