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The following changes occur in pregnancy:
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A. Incorrect. Lower oesophageal sphincter pressure is reduced in pregnancy.
B. Correct. Gastric acid production is increased during pregnancy.
C. Incorrect. Gastric emptying is normal during pregnancy (though it is often reduced in labour due to the effects of pain and opioids).
D. Incorrect. The urinary collecting system, including the renal calyces and pelvis, is dilated.
E. Incorrect. Aldosterone secretion is increased, resulting in sodium and water retention.
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