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Which of the following do you think are essential when performing spinal or epidural techniques?
Select true or false for each of the following statements.
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All false.
A. False. Decontamination is not sufficient. Full asepsis is required because of the potentially serious effects of epidural or subarachnoid infection.
B. False. Both techniques can be performed with the patient in a lateral position (some operators actively advocate this).
C. False. Epidurals and caudals particularly can be used in even very young children. Spinals can be used for older, cooperative children.
D. False. Electrocardiograph, non-invasive blood pressure and pulse oximetry are recommended.
E. False. A patient who is awake is preferred, because the patient can report any immediate complications of the procedure, but is not essential. In some patients, such as children or anxious adults, the techniques may be performed after general anaesthesia.
F. False. Written consent is not required, although some centres may insist on it.
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